Chilean Education video

New Zealand Education video

New Zealand and Chilean Education

Chile	New Zealand
Pre-school: For children up to 5 years old.          Primary school: (Enseñanza básica) for children aged 6–13 years old, divided into 8 grades.          Secondary school: (Enseñanza media) for teenagers aged 14–17 years old, divided into 4 grades.	The education system in New Zealand is a three-tier model which includes primary schools, followed by secondary schools (high schools) and tertiary education at universities and/or polytechnics.
A constitutional reform in 2007 guaranteed free access to pre-school, but did not make it mandatory. The coverage for pre-school in 2009 was 37.43% (for children aged 0 to 5) and 44.96% (for persons of any age).	Free primary and secondary education is a right for all New Zealand citizens, and those entitled to live in New Zealand indefinitely, from a student's 5th birthday until the end of the calendar year following the student's 19th birthday, and compulsory between their 6th and 16th birthdays.
The Chilean state provides an extensive system of education vouchers that covers about 93% of primary and secondary students (the other 7% attend non-subsidized private schools). The system is based on a direct payment to the schools based on daily attendance. Schools are either public (nearly all owned by the municipality of the commune in which the school is located) or private, which may receive government subsidies.	All schools have a socioeconomic ranking commonly called a decile ranking that goes from 10—most wealthy—to 1—poorest. The ranking is reviewed about every 5 years. Factors taken into consideration are income, types of jobs, percentage on a benefit, parent’s qualifications. Schools with high rating receive less funds from Government than low rating schools.
Students can choose between 25 "traditional" universities (public or private) and 35 private ones. There is a single, transparent admission system used by 33 universities (all 25 "traditional" universities and eight private ones which joined in 2011). The test, called PSU, an acronym for University Selection Test (Prueba de Selección Universitaria) is designed and evaluated by the University of Chile, while the system itself is managed by the Ministry of Education (Ministerio de Educación). The test consists of two mandatory exams, one in Mathematics and one in Language. There are also two additional specific exams, Sciences (including Chemistry, Physics and Biology fields) and History, depending on which undergraduate program the student wishes to apply to. The cumulative grade point average achieved during secondary school is also taken into account in the final admission score, as well as the student's relative position in his class and two previous promotions. Every university assigns different weightings to the results of the various exams for the various programs offered. Some universities may require additional (non-PSU) tests or personal interviews for admission to some programs.	Typically, a bachelor's degree will take three years, and a further year of study will lead to an Honours degree. Not every degree follows this 3+1 pattern: there are some four year degrees (which may or may not be awarded with Honours), and some specialist bachelor's degrees which take longer to complete. Typically, Honours may be awarded with first class, upper second class, lower second class or third class, but this can vary from degree to degree. A bachelor's degree may be followed by a Master's degree. A candidate who does not hold an Honours degree may be awarded a Master's degree with honours: such a degree usually involves two years study, compared to one year for a Master's degree for a candidate who does have an Honours degree. A candidate who has either a Master's degree or a bachelor's degree with Honours may proceed to a doctoral degree. Entry to most universities was previously "open", that is to say that one only needed to meet the minimum requirements in the school-leaving examinations (be it NCEA or Bursary). However, most courses at New Zealand universities now have selective admissions, where candidates have to fulfill additional requirements through their qualifications, notably with the University of Auckland offering the largest number of selective-entry courses. Mature students usually do not need to meet the academic criteria demanded of students who enter directly from secondary school.
All universities and technical schools in Chile   charge enrollment and tuition costs. There are, however, several government scholarship programs granted to students based on merit or need. There are also loan programs offered by the government to students of "traditional" universities ("Fondo Solidario de Crédito Universitario", FSCU), which must be paid back after graduation based on the income earned. Students from any type of educational institution may also seek loans through private banks with the State acting as guarantee ("Crédito con Aval del Estado", CAE), but they charge much higher interest rates. Most scholarships and loan programs offered by the government only cover a "reference" annual tuition cost calculated by the government for every study course. The gap between the reference and the real tuition cost can be substantial at some educational institutions. Students are required to maintain a certain level of academic achievement to keep the benefit, which may vary from institution to institution	Funding for tertiary education in New Zealand is through a combination of government subsidies and student fees. The government funds approved courses by a tuition grant based on the number of enrolled students in each course and the amount of study time each course requires. Courses are rated on an equivalent full-time Student (EFTS) basis. Students enrolled in courses can access Student Loans and Student Allowances to assist with fees and living costs. Funding for Tertiary Institutions has been criticised recently due to high fees and funding not keeping pace with costs or inflation. Some also point out that high fees are leading to skills shortages in New Zealand as high costs discourage participation and graduating students seek well-paying jobs off shore to pay for their student loans debts. As a result, education funding has been undergoing an ongoing review in recent years[

Chile and New Zealand Pisa Scores. 

2013	Reading ability	Maths	Science
Chile	449	421	447
New Zealand	521	519	532

short story

The wise king

Once there was a wise King everybody loves him because his wisdom but everybody was afraid about his power , in the kingdom existed a well en all people drank of that well including to the King.

One night a witch put seven drops of a mysterious liquid while she said” from this hour he who drinks this water shall become a mad” in the next morning all people had drunk that water and everybody becomes mad except the King and his lord, that day all people were bruiting the King is mad , we can not be ruled by a mad King, then the King and his lord drank of that water and they got mad too but now everybody loves him again.

•      This story belongs to a social criticism.
•       Connotative sense: this story show us how every one or every community can create its own reality when everybody got mad they created a new reality and the King did not belong to that reality and he prefered to drink that water to be into people´s reality and to be in harmony again.

General information of New Zealand

New Zealand is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main landmasses – that of the North Island, or Te Ika-a-Māui, and the South Island, or Te Waipounamu – and numerous smaller islands. New Zealand is situated some 1,500 kilometres (900 mi) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly 1,000 kilometres (600 mi) south of thePacific island areas of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. Because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans. During its long isolation, New Zealand developed a distinctive biodiversity of animal, fungal and plant life. The country's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks, such as the Southern Alps, owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions. New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, while its most populous city is Auckland.

The official languages are English, Māori and New Zealand Sign Language, with English predominant. The country's economy was historically dominated by the export of wool, but exports of dairy products, meat, and wine, along with tourism, are more significant today.

Nationally, legislative authority is vested in an elected, unicameral Parliament, while executive political power is exercised by the Cabinet, led by the Prime Minister, who is currently John Key. Queen Elizabeth II is the country's head of state and is represented by a Governor-General. In addition, New Zealand is organised into 11 regional councils and 67 territorial authorities for local government purposes. The Realm of New Zealand also includes Tokelau (a dependent territory); the Cook Islands and Niue (self-governing states in free association with New Zealand); and the Ross Dependency, which is New Zealand's territorial claim in Antarctica. New Zealand is a member of the United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, ANZUS, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Pacific Islands Forum and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.

Artists of 20th Century

Colin McCahon, Rita Angus, and Toss Woollaston formed the trinity of native painters, who promoted modern art movement in New Zealand in the 20th century.

   The compositions of the pieces of art of these painters were intense and visionary. His works blend the beauty of New Zealand with their experience throughout their lives and trips abroad.

   Another great painter is Ralf Hotere who also focuses on the modern expressionist movement. His compositions focus on political movements, travel, poetry and religion like McCahon.

   These artists loved the landscapes of New Zealand, so his paintings reflect his feelings and appreciation for the beauty of this country.

Rita Angus (Henrietta Catherine Angus was born in Hastings on 12 March 1908 and died on 25 January 1970) was the eldest of seven children of William McKenzie Angus and Ethel Violet Crabtree. In 1921, her family moved to Palmerston North and she attended Palmerston North Girls' High School between 1922 and 1926. There her talent for art was recognized and she was encouraged to pursue it further.

 1927 and 1933 she began studying at the Canterbury College School of Art, where she never completed her diploma in fine arts.

1930 she exhibiting for first time with the Canterbury Society of Arts, her Self-portrait.

   1930 and 1934 she was married with the artist Alfred Cook, and after her divorce she signed many of her painting with the name of Rita Cook, and too with the name of R. Mackenzie or R. McKenzie, but the majority are signed Rita Angus.

  1931 the painting of Mount Taranaki, was a response to New Zealand's distinctive clear lighting. This painting was produced in a time when many people were concerned to create a distinctly New Zealand style and In the 1930s and 1940s she painted scenes of Canterbury and Otago. Finally on 1936 Rita Angus created one of the most famous painting calls Cass. Time more late she continued painting on Wellington landscapes particularly Thorndon and Island Bay, and completed more of her 55 self-portraits.

   Among Angus' influences were Byzantine art and cubism. She was also influenced by the English painter Christopher Perkins.

  

Colin John McCahon (was born 1 August 1919, Timaru and died 27 May 1987, Auckland) grew up attending the Maori Hill Primary School, Otago Boys High School and the Dunedin School of Art. He also spent a year in Oamaru during his primary school years. He was widely recognized as New Zealand’s foremost painter, his works encompassed many themes and styles, from landscape to figuration to abstraction and an innovative use of painted text. His adaption of aspects of modernist painting to a specific local situation and his intense engagement with spiritual matters, mark him out as a distinctive figure in twentieth-century art.

   The work of this artist was influenced for modernism, abstract expressionism, cubism and religion. the inspiration for created these painting was his deep devotion for religion, journeys, books that he read and his love for landscapes of New Zealand.

Some of his works are:

•  The Angel of the Annunciation, Takaka: Night and Day, and The Promised Land (which emerged in the years immediately after the war)
•  Otorgo Peninsula (1949)
•  The Wake and the Northland panels (1958, was created after the visit to United Estate) 
• Tomorrow will be the same but not as this is (1958-1959).

    

Ralph Hotere (was Born in Mitimiti, Northland, New Zealand 11 August 1931 and died 24 February 2013) was a New Zealand artist of Māori descent. He received his secondary education at St Peter's Maori College, Auckland. After early art training in Auckland, he moved to Dunedin in 1952, where he studied at King Edward Technical College. During the later 1950s, he worked as a schools art advisor for the Education Department in the Bay of Islands, and in 2003 received an Icon Award from the arts foundation of New Zealand

   In 1961 and 1962 studied in London, France and around Europe, these travels have a profound effect on Hotere’s work, notably in the “Sangro” and “Polaris” series of paintings.

   Also during the late 1960s, Hotere began the series of works with which he is perhaps best known, the Black Paintings. The inspiration for created these black painting was taken from poetry that speak of transcendence, of religion, or peace. These themes have extended to more recent works, notably the colossal "Black phoenix", constructed out of the burnt remains of a fishing boat.

   Political art; when Aramoana, a wetland near his Port Chalmers home, was proposed as the site for an aluminium smelter, Hotere was vocal in his opposition. This event, give him the inspiration to created the Aramoana series of paintings. More recently, his reactions to Middle-East politics have resulted in works such as "Jerusalem, Jerusalem" and "This might be a double cross jack".

  Toss Woollaston (Born 11 April 1910 in Toko, Taranaki and died 30 August 1998 in Upper Moutere) studied art at the Canterbury School of Art in Christchurch.

   In 1920s discovered the art of painting while working as a horticultural worker in the Nelson zone. In this time he was delighted by the tangible and sensuous qualities of paint as a means of expression.

   In 1934, studied two semesters at the Dunedin School of Art, and settled at Mapua, a township 30km east of Nelson. too Here he married Edith Alexander, had four children, and was part of a circle of prominent artists in the area which included Colin McCahon, Doris Lusk and Patrick Hayman.

   In 1949 relocated to Greymouth, where he responded enthusiastically to the dramatic West Coast landscape.

   In 1950s seem to take their cue from the scale of this landscape, increasing in size and suppressing pictorial detail for the slashing linear rhythms that connote elemental energy.

   By the mid-1960s Woollaston had travelled to Spain, England and the United States to study European works, exhibited his own work at the Museum of Modern Art in Melbourne.

   In 1970s the panoramic landscape paintings were seen as significant pieces of art which represented the familiar New Zealand landscape.

   In 1979 Woollaston was the first New Zealander named "Knight Bachelor" for his services to painting.

   As well as painting, Woollaston wrote, poetry, because had been his lifelong passion. His books included The Far-away Hills in 1960 and Sage Tea (his autobiography) in 1980.

Music

  

Māori music

   New Zealand’s musical heritage dates back to the arrival of the first Māori in Aotearoa. Musical traditions, in the form of waiata (songs) and haka (dance), were passed down from generation to generation and grew from their Polynesian roots.

   The ancient Maori folk music was composed almost entirely of songs, waiata, divided into several groups according to their style and ritual or social function.

Music haka

   “haka” is describes as a composition played by many instruments. Hands, feet, legs, body, voice, tongue, and eyes all play their part in blending together to convey in their fullness the challenge, welcome, exultation, defiance or contempt of the words.

Today, the music composed and performed by Māori not only includes and draws on traditional waiata and haka, but also includes rock and roll, soul, reggae, R&B and hip hop.

Richard Nunns 

   One of the biggest contributors to Māori music and New Zealand’s foremost authority on taonga pūoro is Richard Nunns. He began his musical journey playing jazz, but very soon discovered the rich tradition of native New Zealand music. he has re-introduced many New Zealanders to their musical heritage.

   Instruments as flutes, wooden trumpets, and percussion instruments are used to interpret the maori music. These instruments are made of bone, wood, pounamu and stone, you can now be heard again in recordings and performances.